Every pilot runs into the terms AFM and POH early in training, and they are often used as if they mean the same thing. They are closely related, but they are not identical. Understanding the difference between an Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) and a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH) matters for both legal operation and day-to-day flying.

What is an Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM)?

The AFM is the FAA-approved document tied to a specific aircraft type and, in many cases, to an individual serial number. It contains the operating limitations, emergency procedures, and performance data that were approved during type certification. Under 14 CFR §91.9, most aircraft are required to have the current approved AFM (or the approved markings, placards, and manual information) on board when operated.

What is a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH)?

The POH is the manufacturer’s handbook for the aircraft. Since the mid-1970s, general aviation manufacturers have followed the GAMA (General Aviation Manufacturers Association) specification, which organizes the handbook into standardized sections so pilots can find the same information in the same place across different aircraft. Browse examples in our Pilot Operating Handbook collection.

So how are they different?

• Approval: The AFM is FAA-approved; the POH is produced by the manufacturer.
• Scope: The AFM focuses on approved limitations and procedures; the POH adds practical guidance, systems descriptions, and servicing information.
• Specificity: An AFM is often tied to a serial number, while a POH is generally model-wide.

Here is the part that causes most of the confusion: for many general aviation aircraft manufactured since the mid-1970s, the POH also serves as the FAA-approved AFM. In those handbooks the FAA-approved portions are clearly identified, so a single book does both jobs. For older aircraft, or larger and transport-category types, you will often find a separate, standalone Aircraft Flight Manual.

The standard POH/AFM sections

Under the GAMA format you can expect: General, Limitations, Emergency Procedures, Normal Procedures, Performance, Weight & Balance/Equipment List, Systems Description, Handling/Service/Maintenance, and Supplements. Knowing this layout makes any handbook faster to use.

Which one do you need?

If you fly a specific aircraft, start with the exact make, model, and year. The right document is the one that matches your airframe. You can find both AFMs and POHs, organized by aircraft, in our manuals store.

Note: Reproduction manuals are provided for reference, training, and historical purposes. They do not replace the current FAA-approved documents required for legal flight operations.